Analysis of the punishment on unlicensed medical practice in Jinshan District of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveThis paper analyzed the punishment situation of unlicensed medical practice in recent 7 years in Jinshan District of Shanghai， then suggested the countermeasures to prevent and combat unlicensed medical practice in the future. MethodsA total of 190 cases of unlicensed medical practice from 2016 to 2022 were investigated. The basic situation of the punishment，legal basis，subject distribution，clue source and individual characteristics were analyzed. ResultsThe case-filing number of unlicensed medical practice showed a decreasing trend，but the amount of fines increased obviously. The clues of investigation and punishment of unlicensed medicine practice were mainly found by inspection（32.11%） and transferred from other departments（28.42%）， while the number of complaints and clues reported from grassroots increased year by year. Medical and dental were the two major unlicensed practice，accounting for 35.79% and 33.16%， respectively. In addition， unlicensed medical cosmetology practice was increasing year by year. 78.62% of the unlicensed medical practioners are immigrants， 62.76% of them aged between 31 and 50 years old， among them 70.34% are men， and 62.76% of them have a fixed place. ConclusionThough the prevention and crack-down on unlicensed medical practice has achieved significant achievements，it is still necessary to enhance the responsibility of local administration，strengthen the inspection，investigate and deal with cases jointly by multiple departments，and implement the comprehensive supervision mechanism of the health care industry.

Epidemiological characteristics of current advanced schistosomiasis cases in Suzhou / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the current situation of patients with advanced schistosomiasis in Suzhou, and to provide a basis for scientific management, medical assistance, and improvement of patients' quality of life. Methods Questionnaire survey, physical examination and B-ultrasound examination were performed on the registered patients with advanced schistosomiasis. The diagnosis and classification were carried out according to the “Schistosomiasis Control Manual”. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics, disease classification, and medical and financial assistance of all existing patients were analyzed. Results There were 2 420 cases of advanced schistosomiasis in Suzhou. Their distribution was highly correlated with the cumulative area of oncomelania snails and the cumulative number of schistosomiasis patients in each district (county) (r=0.949, P2=26.591, P2 =226.034, P<0.001), and the condition of patients with ascites was the worst. 1 438 patients' labor level was reduced, and 540 patients lost their labor ability, while only 442 patients were normal. Age increase (β=0.012，P<0.001), clinical classification being ascites type (β=0.346，P<0.001) and need for treatment (β=0.298，P<0.001) were risk factors for the loss of labor ability in patients with late schistosomiasis. The stable condition of the disease (β= -0.089，P=0.001) was a protective factor. Conclusion There are a large number of advanced schistosomiasis cases in Suzhou, and the epidemiological characteristics of advanced schistosomiasis patients in different districts (cities) are different. The relief work of advanced schistosomiasis in Suzhou should focus on the historical heavy epidemic areas, strengthen the nursing care of the elderly patients, and pay attention to the quality of life of patients with ascites. It is also important to strengthen the follow-up nursing of patients with splenomegaly to avoid turning into ascites. All districts and counties should be guided by the characteristics of local patients and formulate targeted scientific management methods and rescue policies to improve the quality of life of patients.

Analysis on the registration of Chinese patent medicines in Canada and its referantial significance to the international registration of Traditional Chinese Medicines / 国际中医中药杂志

By searching for the Canadian Licensed Natural Health Products Database, (LNHPD), this paper analyzed the characteristics and current status of 92 Chinese patent medicines successfully registered and listed in Canada, and found that the enterprises of successfully registered enterprises are mainly located in areas with better development condition of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) such as Beijing, Guangdong and Tianjin; The successfully registered Chinese patent medicines include 64 kinds of single medicine or medicine with single active ingredient (69.6%) and 28 kinds of compound medicine (30.4%), the forms of the dosage are mainly tablets and capsules, which have the characteristics of accuracy in dosage and stable physicochemical properties. There are also granules, solutions, powders and other dosage forms, which can be preserved for a long time and have low requirements on technic and environment. These Chinese patent medicines are mainly used to treat respiratory and circulatory system diseases, some are used to treat urogenital and digestive system diseases, and few are used to treat difficuilt diseases like tumors, diabetes. There are some other health care products. It is suggested to strengthen the connection between domestic standards of TCM registration and international standards, and promote the scientific and technological capacity of relevant enterprises, and encourage enterprises to strengthen international registration of advantageous products, so as to accelerate the speed of international development of TCM in China.

Investigation on the current situation and resignation tendency of medical record coders in Anyang, Henan province / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To investigate the current status of medical record coders and their resignation tendency, and put forward suggestions for the training and team building of medical record coders.Methods:From April to May 2020, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the medical record coders in 27 DRG payment pilot hospitals in Anyang, Henan. Statistical analysis was conducted on the profile of the medical case department, basic personal information, professional quality, job satisfaction and resignation intention. Kendall coefficient was used to analyze the factors related to the resignation intention.Results:There were 98 coders in the surveyed hospitals, including 43 full-time coders and 55 part-time coders. Eighty-three valid questionnaires were recovered, and the effective recovery rate was 84.7%. Among them, 29(34.9%) had education level of junior college or below, 51(61.4%) had junior title or below, 15(18.1%) had medical information or case management as their major, 29(34.9%) coders had not obtained a coding certificate, 31(37.3%) were dissatisfied with the salary system, and 14(16.9%) had a tendency to leave. The medical record coders with lower professional titles, coding certificates and lower salary satisfaction were more likely to have the intention of resignation.Conclusions:Medical record coders in Anyang were challenged with such problems as shortage of manpower, low percentage of coding certificate holders and low salary satisfaction. Title, code certificate issuance and salary satisfaction were correlated with their resignation intention. Hospital managers should strengthen the importance of medical record coding and coders, and establish a reasonable salary, title evaluation and performance incentive system, so as to improve the attractiveness of coder position.

Analysis on the current situation of medical preventive integration at primary medical institutions in a city / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To explore the current status of medical preventive integration at primary medical institutions, analyze the problems of medical prevention integration, and put forward optimization suggestions.Methods:From June to July 2020, 169 primary medical institutions in a city were selected as the survey objects to conduct a questionnaire survey on the basic information of institutions and the evaluation indicators of medical preventive integration. The evaluation index system of medical preventive integration was divided into a factual survey and a sensory survey. In addition, 32 relevant personnel were interviewed on the current situation of medical preventive integration at primary medical institutions. The reliability and validity of the data were tested and analyzed, while descriptive analysis and classification extraction analysis were carried out.Results:The reliability and validity analysis proved the data reliability. The factual survey extracted three common factors, namely organization management, performance appraisal distribution and information management. The sensory survey extracted two common factors, namely working mode and personnel training. In terms of organization, management and working methods, the degree of medical preventive integration was low. Among them, 53.8% of the institutions had formulated the medical preventive integration norms, and only 41.4% of them had shared residents′ health information in time.Conclusions:The degree of medical preventive integration of primary medical institutions in the city still need to be improved. In the future, we should strengthen the top-level design, establish the norms and cooperation mechanism of medical preventive integration, improve the awareness of medical preventive integration of medical personnel, improve the information level, and to build a new service model integrating disease prevention, medical treatment and health management.

Analysis on the current situation and trend of doctors′ salary and satisfaction rate in tertiary public hospitals in China / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the current level and dynamic change of the salary and income satisfaction rate of doctors in Chinese tertiary public hospitals in recent years.Methods:In January 2018, March 2019 and March 2021, the project team of " the third party evaluation of the China Healthcare Improvement Initiative" conducted a questionnaire survey among doctors of 136 tertiary public hospitals in 31 provinces. The first-line clinicians were investigated by stratified sampling method. The salary level and satisfaction of doctors were investigated by questionnaire. Chi square test was used for comparison between groups.Results:The sample size of the three surveys was 20 786, 23 289 and 22 836 respectively. The median value of doctors′ actual income after tax in 2017, 2018 and 2020 was 100 800 yuan, 120 000 yuan, 150 000 yuan respectively, and the median expected annual income after tax was 196 000 yuan, 250 000 yuan and 250 000 yuan. The proportion of doctors satisfied with the current income was 16.5%, 17.8% and 26.9% respectively. The salary and satisfaction rate of doctors had an upward trend, but the overall level was still low.Conclusions:In recent years, the salary of doctors in tertiary public hospitals in China has been improved to a certain extent, but on the whole, it is at a low level, and there is still much room for improvement. In the future, the government needs to improve the hospital salary system and increase the salary of doctors continuously, especially needs to pay attention to the doctors with high education level and intermediate titles.

Risk characteristics of hypertension in high-risk population： an analysis based on the surveillance data of chronic diseases in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of high-risk population of hypertension in Shanghai， and to provide references for health management and targeted lifestyle intervention of the high-risk population in community. Methods:The data from the 2013 Shanghai Non-communicable and Chronic Diseases Surveillance were used. The subjects who met the criteria of high-risk population of hypertension were included， and 11 753 subjects were finally identified， to analyze the distribution and level of risk characteristics. Result:Among six high-risk characteristics of hypertension， the detection rate of high salt in diet was the highest （55.3%）， followed by overweight/obesity （44.0%）， family history of hypertension （41.6%）， and blood pressure level of （130-139）/（85-89） mmHg （31.7%）. The detection rate of excessive drinking was the lowest （5.0%）. The percentage of population with one or two high-risk characteristics was higher than that with three or more high-risk characteristics （76.9% vs. 23.1%）. Systolic blood pressure， diastolic blood pressure， fasting plasma glucose level， and body mass index in the male high-risk group were higher than those in the female group， and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Systolic blood pressure， diastolic blood pressure， fasting plasma glucose level， body mass index and daily salt intake were different between different age groups， educational level and occupational types （P<0.05）. Systolic blood pressure， diastolic blood pressure， body mass index and daily salt intake were significantly different among high-risk groups with different marital status （P<0.05）. The daily salt intake and systolic blood pressure levels of high-risk population in different areas were significantly different （P<0.05）. Conclusion:We should identify high-risk groups of hypertension as early as possible and actively carry out community health management and targeted lifestyle interventions. The focus should be on the groups and individuals with high-risk characteristics such as dietary high salt and overweight/obesity， male， middle-aged and low-educated groups. In this way， we can reduce the level of high-risk characteristics， prevent and delay the occurrence of hypertension.

Clinical Practice Guidelines of Rehabilitation: Development Status / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To analyze the development trends and issues of clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation.Methods Clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, China Biology Medicine disc, CNKI, Wangfang database, Medlive, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, World Health Organization and Guidelines International Network from establishiment to January 11, 2020. The number, publication date, distribution of countries, journals, institutions, subject areas and methods for developing guidelines of included literatures were analyzed. Results A total of 84 clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation were included, in which there were 17 published in Chinese and 67 in English. The top four countries that published rehabilitation guidelines were the United States (19 articles), China (17 articles), the United Kingdom (12 articles) and Canada (11 articles). The guidelines were developed mainly by the health professional societies and associations (49 articles). The main health conditions involved stroke (12 articles), cardiovascular disease (9 articles), shoulder joint injury (5 articles), pulmonary disease (5 articles) and spinal cord injury (5 articles). There were 35 guidelines expressiong evidence classification and recommendation intensity (42%), and 22 guidelines (26%) would update regularly.Conclusion Clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation focuse on neurological and musculoskeletal system diseases and cardiopulmonary dysfunction. There are relatively few published clinical practice guidelines for rehabilitation. Most guidelines are based on literature review or expert opinions, while a few are evidence-based. It is proposed to implement standardized approaches to develop clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation.

Analysis on current situation and influencing factors of occupational stress among employees of disease control and prevention system in Beijing City / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the current situation and influencing factors of occupational stress among employees of disease control and prevention system in Beijing City. METHODS: A total of 903 employees from 7 centers for disease control and prevention(CDC) in Beijing City were selected as the research subjects using typical sampling method. The Job Demand-Control(JDC) Questionnaire and the Effort-Reward Imbalance(ERI) Questionnaire were used to evaluate and analyze the occupational stress and its influencing factors based on the JDC model and ERI model. RESULTS: The detection rate of high occupational stress in JDC model and ERI model were 54.5%(492/903) and 22.5%(203/903) respectively. The detection rate of high occupational stress in JDC model was higher than that in ERI model(P<0.01). Based on the JDC model, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the lower the personal monthly income, the higher the risk of occupational stress of CDC employees(P<0.01). The risk of those in administrative position was higher than those in non-administrative position(P<0.01). The risk of employees with more than 10 years of service length was higher than those with less than 10 years of service length(P<0.01). The employees with longer weekly working hours had the higher risk(P<0.01). Based on the ERI model, the risk of occupational stress of CDC employees in the administrative position was higher than that of non-administrative position(P<0.05). The risk of professional technical post and work skill post were higher than that of management post(all P<0.05). The risk of employee with more than 10 years of service length was higher than that of less than 10 years(P<0.05). The longer weekly working hours had higher risk(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The occupational stress of the JDC model is the main occupational stress model in Beijing CDC system. The main influencing factors include monthly income, position, service length and weekly working hours. The main factors of occupational stress in ERI model include position, post, service length and weekly working hours.

Impacto de la estrategia análisis de caso en la enseñanza de asignaturas biológicas / Impact of the Case Analysis Strategy in the Teaching of Biological Subjects

Introducción: La técnica de análisis de caso es una estrategia pedagógica que puede utilizarse en la educación superior para el desarrollo de aprendizajes autónomos. Objetivo: Evaluar la contribución de la técnica análisis de casos en la obtención de aprendizajes comprensivos en asignaturas biológicas de alta reprobación. Métodos: Se realizó una intervención mediante la técnica análisis de casos, durante 4 meses, con un diseño preexperimental con evaluación antes-después. La muestra estuvo conformada por 15 estudiantes de la carrera de Kinesiología y 30 estudiantes de Psicología. Para evaluar el impacto de la estrategia se aplicó a los estudiantes el Cuestionario de Procesos de Estudio de Biggs y Kember, y una encuesta de valoración de la experiencia. Resultados: Los resultados evidenciaron cambios en la forma en que los estudiantes procesan la información para lograr una aproximación más centrada en la comprensión. Conclusiones: Se verifican cambios cuantitativos, orientados al uso de estrategias de aprendizaje profundo en el procesamiento de la información(AU)

Introduction: The case analysis technique is a pedagogical strategy that can be used in higher education for the development of autonomous learning. Objective: To assess the contribution of the case analysis technique to obtaining comprehensive learning in biological subjects of high failure. Methods: An intervention was carried out using the case analysis technique, during four months, with a pre-experimental design with a before-after evaluation. The sample consisted of 15 students from the Kinesiology major and 30 Psychology students. To assess the impact of the strategy, the Biggs' and Kember's Study Processes Questionnaire and an experience assessment survey were applied to the students. Results: The results showed changes in the way students process information to achieve a more focused approach to understanding. Conclusions: Quantitative changes are verified, oriented to the use of deep learning strategies in the information processing(AU)

Analysis of monitoring results on plague in Ulanqab City of Inner Mongolia in 2018 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the plague monitoring results in Ulanqab City of Inner Mongolia in 2018, to master the changes in rat density and the prevalence of plague in rats, and provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of plague.@*Methods@#According to "The Plague Monitoring Scheme of Inner Mongolia", we surveyed Siziwang Banner, Chahar Right Back Banner, Huade County, and Shangdu County of Ulanqab City from April to November 2018 to monitor the plague. Rat density was surveyed using a one-day bow clamp method; small rodent was surveyed using a 5 m clamping method. Rodents were obtained by sample method, 5 m clamping method, daily method, collecting dead animals and the like, and fleas were picked up from the captured rats and rat nest. The rodents and fleas were carried out pathogen detection, the serum of rodents was tested by indirect hemagglutination test. Laboratory test results were analyzed based on the "Diagnostic Criteria for Plague" (WS 279-2008).@*Results@#Totally 1 463 mice were captured overlapping a monitored area of 416 hm2, the average rat density was 3.52 per hectare; the number of Meriones unguiculatus was 1 235, and the rat density was 2.97 per hectare. Totally 1 603 mice were grooming, 404 mice with fleas, the flea infected rate was 25.20%, the number of fleas were 1 348, and the flea index was 0.84. A total of 22 mouse nests were dug, 17 nests with fleas, the flea infected rate was 77.27%, the number of fleas were 131, and the flea index was 5.95. Totally 1 603 rodents were checked by etiology, the results showed that 7 plague rats were all Meriones unguiculatus. Totally 1 479 fleas of 581 groups were cultured, 14 fleas of 5 groups were detected, 3 fleas of 1 group in Siziwang Banner, and 11 fleas of 4 groups in Huade County. Totally 243 samples of murine animal serum were tested and the results were all negative.@*Conclusions@#The epidemic of plague in Ulanqab City is in an active state, so monitoring should be strengthened in this area to prevent the prevalence of human plague.

Situation analysis of mental disorders in females with systemic lupus erythematosus / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To study the influences of mental disorders on female systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)and analyze the factors. Methods We used symptom check list -90 (SCL-90) as a basis for judging mental disorders disease activity. Disease activity, social support and depreciation - discrimination were used as possible influencing factors. Social support and discomfort – discrimination were possible influencing factors. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of mental disorders. Results The total score of SCL-90 of patients with female SLE was significantly higher than that of norm models ［(136.39±48.66) vs (129.96±38.76)］ (P<0.05), in 289 SLE patients, the number of patients with mental disorders was 128 (44.3%). High monthly income(OR=0.770, 95% CI:0.604-0.981, P=0.034) was a protective factor for mental disorders. High disease activity (OR=1.792, 95% CI:1.023-3.138, P=0.042)and high discomfort–discrimination (OR=1.100, 95% CI:1.035-1.169, P=0.002)were risk factors for mental disorders. Conclusions Female SLE patients have a higher risk of mental disorders than the general population. And eliminating self-depreciation, reducing social discrimination, active employment, increasing monthly income, standardizing treatment and reducing disease activity may effectively alleviate mental disorders in SLE patients.

Analysis of monitoring results on plague in Ulanqab City of Inner Mongolia in 2018 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To analyze the plague monitoring results in Ulanqab City of Inner Mongolia in 2018,to master the changes in rat density and the prevalence of plague in rats,and provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of plague.Methods According to "The Plague Monitoring Scheme of Inner Mongolia",we surveyed Siziwang Banner,Chahar Right Back Banner,Huade County,and Shangdu County of Ulanqab City from April to November 2018 to monitor the plague.Rat density was surveyed using a one-day bow clamp method;small rodent was surveyed using a 5 m clamping method.Rodents were obtained by sample method,5 m clamping method,daily method,collecting dead animals and the like,and fleas were picked up from the captured rats and rat nest.The rodents and fleas were carried out pathogen detection,the serum of rodents was tested by indirect hemagglutination test.Laboratory test results were analyzed based on the "Diagnostic Criteria for Plague" (WS 279-2008).Results Totally 1 463 mice were captured overlapping a monitored area of 416 hm2,the average rat density was 3.52 per hectare;the number of Meriones unguiculatus was 1 235,and the rat density was 2.97 per hectare.Totally 1 603 mice were grooming,404 mice with fleas,the flea infected rate was 25.20％,the number of fleas were 1 348,and the flea index was 0.84.A total of 22 mouse nests were dug,17 nests with fleas,the flea infected rate was 77.27％,the number of fleas were 131,and the flea index was 5.95.Totally 1 603 rodents were checked by etiology,the results showed that 7 plague rats were all Meriones unguiculatus.Totally 1 479 fleas of 581 groups were cultured,14 fleas of 5 groups were detected,3 fleas of 1 group in Siziwang Banner,and 1 1 fleas of 4 groups in Huade County.Totally 243 samples of murine animal serum were tested and the results were all negative.Conclusions The epidemic of plague in Ulanqab City is in an active state,so monitoring should be strengthened in this area to prevent the prevalence of human plague.

Situation Analysis and Suggestion on the Construction and Development of Outpatient Automated Pharmacy in China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the construction and development of outpatient automated pharmacy in China.METHODS:By accessing to relevant literature,information released by authoritative website and data announced by related automated pharmacy equipment manufacturers,the development of domestic automated pharmacy was analyzed and summarized from software and hardware.Then,solutions and suggestions could be put forward according to domestic medical reform in China.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:At present,there are some problems in the construction of automated pharmacy in China,such as inadequate management and defects of software and hardware.In view of these problems,it is suggested that hospital managers,equipment users and research and development personnel take corresponding measures to promote the development of automated pharmacies in China,such as strengthening the formulation of various emergency plans and personnel training,developing new products or new functions as modular automated pharmacy.

Management of Registered Patients with Severe Mental Illness in Jinshan District, Shanghai / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To analyze the status quo of patients with severe mental illness in Jinshan district, Shanghai, and provide sci-entific evidence for strengthening the prevention and treatment of them. Methods The data of severe mental illness until March 1st, 2016 were derived from the national database and analysis system, and were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 4778 patients with severe mental illness were registered. Among them, 54.40% suffered from schizo-phrenia, patients aged 18 to 59 years old (67.73%) accounted for the vast majority, 86.44% only got junior high school education or below, 40.46% were unmarried or divorced, 76.50% patients choose outpatient department as a way to see doctor, and 15.11% patients did not take any treatment. Conclusion The prevention of severe mental illness has become the important gambit for this district. The proportion of patients choosing appropriate way to visit doctor is relatively low. The management of patients with severe men-tal diseases needs to be strengthened to promote the recovery of patients and social stability.

The prevalence trend of human brucellosis in Baotou City, Inner Mongolia from 2005 to 2016 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of human brucellosis in Baotou City,Inner Mongolia,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures.Methods Based on the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention monitoring date,human brucellosis related information in Baotou City from 2005 to 2016 were collected,and descriptive epidemiologicat method was used to analyze the distributions of time,area and population of the disease.Results In 2005-2016,a total of 5 069 new cases of brucellosis were reported in Baotou City.The annual average incidence rate was 16.01/100 000,ranging from 0.65/100 000 to 35.54/100 000,the lowest was in 2005 and the highest in 2011.From 2005 to 2011,the cases of brucellosis increased rapidly,from 15 cases in 2005 to 957 cases in 2011;it subsequendy showed a downward trend,and in 2016 it fell to 358 cases.Each month had new cases,the peak incidence was found from March to August,and the cumulative cases were 3 506,accounting for 69.17％ (3 506/5 069).The cases were mainly distributed in agricultural and pastoral areas,of which Damaoqi had the largest number of cases,with 2 136 cases,and the annual average incidence rate was 160.36/100 000.The cases in 25-64 years old group was the highest,accounting for 88.06％ (4 464/5 069).Farmers had the highest incidence,accounting for 77.14％ (3 910/5 069).Conclusion In recent years,the epidemic situation of human brucellosis in Baotou City has shown a downward trend,but it is still at a higher level,and the prevention and control situation is still grim.

Epidemiological characteristics of echinococcosis in Zhuoni County Gansu Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To understand the epidemic trend and characteristics of echinococcosis in Zhuoni County, and to provide evidence for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods From 2008 to 2016, according to the "Monitoring Program for Prevention and Control of Echinococcosis in Gansu", a cluster sampling method was adopted to examine the prevalence of echinococcosis in the villages and towns of Zhuoni County with the administrative village as a unit; B ultrasonic examination was used to study the prevalence of echinococcosis in the population. According to "the Diagnostic Criteria of Echinococcosis"( WS 257-2006), epidemiological history and clinical manifestations, the detection rate of echinococcosis was calculated; children under 12 years of age in one rural primary school were surveyed every year in each of the disease affected county; venous blood was collected, serum was separated, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the IgG antibody of echinococcosis, and the positive rate of IgG antibody of echinococcosis in children was calculated; 50 - 100 households were sellected every year in each of the disease affected village and town, one sample of canine feces was collected from each household, the fecal antigen of echinococcus canis was detected via the double antibody sandwich ELISA method, and the positive rate of dog fecal antigen was calculated; every year 700 sheep or 300 cattle were randomly dissected at the slaughterhouse of Zhuoni County , and their organs such as liver and lungs of slaughtered cattle and sheep were examined, the infection rate of echinococcosis in the year was calculated. Results From 2008 to 2016, echinococcus detection rate in Zhuoni County was 0.18％(200/108522), and all of the cases were cystic;the detection rate of female (0.23％, 123/53556) was higher than that of male (0.14％, 77/54966), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=11.83, P<0.05);the number of farmer cases was the highest (58.00％, 116/200), followed by herdsmen (39.50％, 79/200);96.94％(95/98) of the administrative villages in Zhuoni County had echinococcus;the disease was most severe in pure pastoral areas (0.44％, 15/3423), followed by semi pastoral areas (0.37％, 29/7756), and cities and towns the least (0.06％, 16/25923). The positive rate of IgG in children with echinococcus was 2.13％(235/11048), the infection rate of echinococcus canis was 1.71％(183/10711), and the infection rate of echinococcus in livestock was 1.36％ (100/7348). The detection rate of echinococcus decreased from 1.02％(106/10350) in 2009 to 0.03％(3/11804) in 2016, the IgG positive rate of echinococcus in children dropped from 7.50％ (9/120) in 2008 to 0.71％ in 2016 (9/1264), the infection rate of echinococcus canis decreased from 3.13％(47/1500) in 2009 to 0.30％(3/1000) in 2016, and the rate of echinococcus in livestock infection decreased from 4.21％ (34/807) in 2010 to 0.30％(3/1000) in 2016. Conclusions County wide epidemic of echinococcus is found in Zhuoni with serious damage; after 9 years of comprehensive prevention and control, the detection rate of echinococcosis, IgG positive rate of echinococcus in children, positive rate of echinococcus granulosus antigen in domestic dogs and infection rate of echinococcosis in livestock are all decreased significantly. It shows that comprehensive prevention and control strategy has achieved remarkable results.

Analysis of the current situation of cooperative projects management in a general hospital / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective The subject number and funds of cooperative projects had been an important indicator of the strength of scientific research in hospital.This article analyzed the data of cooperative projects of a general top three hospital in recent tenyears to provide reference for policy-making of scientificresearchmanagement department.Data collected and analyzed including subject distribution,the disciplines crossing situation,background information on principle investigators.Methods Based on the scientific research management software,the data of the cooperative projects can be collected from 2006 to 2015.The distributions of subjects and the age,education,and title of PIs were analyzed by SPSS software.Results In general,the project numbers and fundingof cooperative projects were unstable in past ten years.Many focused mainly on basic departments and key subjects.There was no obvious advantage in the integration of subjects.Thecooperative projects of national science and technology supporting plan played an important role in national level projects.And the science and technology supporting plan of Beijing city played an important role in province-level projects.Many of the PIs of cooperative projects were talents with higher education,higher professional title and senior in their career stage.Conclusions Administrators of the hospital should pay attention to the management of cooperative projects.Strengthen cooperation among departments and promote the integration of subjects.Improve the construction of human resource,pay attention to the cultivation of young talents.Establish effective incentive mechanism.

Analysis of the Application and Current Situation of Anti-Tumor Chinese Medicine Volatile Oils by Searching "The Compilation of Chinese Medicine Standard" Database / 中国药学杂志

Volatile oils are one class of the most important active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In recent years, the research on the anti-tumor TCM volatile oils has received much attention. Screening of anti-tumor active site, exploration of the mechanism of action of anti-tumor and substance basis, and development of anti-tumor preparations of TCM volatile oils are the focus of current research. Twenty kinds of TCM volatile oils which have antitumor effects were selected from the "The compilation of Chinese medicine standard" database. Comprehensive statistics and analysis were carried out for their application, content and major components in the herbal medicines, the effective extraction parts and types of target tumors, granted patents, and marketed products, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and reference for in-depth study of anti-tumor TCM volatile oils and development of relevant preparation systems.

Patent-based analysis of domestic and foreign wearable blood pressure measuring device technologies / 中华医学图书情报杂志

The research and development and competition situation of global wearable blood pressure measuring device technologies covered in Thomson Innovation Patents Database and Patents Retrieval System of State Intellec-tual Property Office were analyzed by statistical analysis, clustering analysis, citation analysis, similarity matrix a-nalysis and literature analysis respectively with Thomson data analyzer, which showed that cuffless blood pressure measuring device technology is the hotspot.